Sexual health is a vital part of overall well-being, yet in Nigeria,
it remains surrounded by myths, misconceptions, and silence.
This article explores the most common sexual health myths in Nigeria,
reveals the facts about STIs, and offers practical advice for staying safe and healthy.
INTRODUCTION:
Sexual health myths in Nigeria are deeply rooted in culture, religion, and a lack of comprehensive sex education. These myths not only influence personal beliefs and behaviors but also shape public health outcomes, especially regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Understanding the origins, prevalence, and impact of these myths is essential for individuals, families, and communities to make informed decisions and protect themselves against the risks of STIs.
Sexual Health Myths in Nigeria: The Cultural and Social Context
-The Influence of Culture and Tradition
Sexual health myths in Nigeria are often shaped by traditional beliefs and cultural taboos. In many Nigerian communities, sex is not openly discussed, especially between parents and children. This silence creates a vacuum where misinformation thrives. For example, some cultures believe that discussing sex with young people will encourage promiscuity, so sexual education is avoided altogether.
-The Role of Religion
Religious teachings also play a significant role. Many religious leaders discourage open conversations about sex, contraception, and STIs, often promoting abstinence as the only acceptable option. While abstinence is effective in preventing STIs and unplanned pregnancies, the lack of alternative information leaves many young people unprepared for real-life situations.
-The Impact of Peer Pressure and Social Media
In the absence of reliable information from home or school, many young Nigerians turn to friends, social media, or the internet for answers. Unfortunately, these sources often perpetuate sexual health myths in Nigeria, leading to confusion and risky behaviors.
Common Sexual Health Myths and Their Origins
A broader range of sexual health myths in Nigeria, their origins, and the facts you need to know:
| Myth | Origin/Reason | The Real Fact |
|---|---|---|
| You can’t get pregnant the first time you have sex | Lack of sex education | Pregnancy can occur any time there is unprotected sex. |
| Sex during menstruation is safe from pregnancy | Misunderstanding of fertility | Sperm can live up to 5 days; pregnancy is possible. |
| Contraceptives cause infertility | Misinformation and fear | Modern contraceptives are safe and reversible. |
| You can tell if someone has an STI by looking at them | Visible symptoms in some STIs | Most STIs show no symptoms; only testing can confirm. |
| Washing with salt, lime, or detergent after sex prevents pregnancy and STIs | Traditional practices | This is ineffective and can cause harm. |
| Masturbation causes weakness or infertility | Cultural and religious beliefs | Masturbation is safe and does not cause infertility. |
| Emergency contraception is the same as abortion | Lack of knowledge | Emergency contraception prevents pregnancy, does not terminate it. |
| Herbal remedies can cure STIs | Reliance on traditional medicine | Only scientifically proven medicines cure STIs. |
| Withdrawal (pulling out) is a reliable way to prevent pregnancy | Lack of sex education | Withdrawal is unreliable; sperm can be released before ejaculation. |
| Only promiscuous people get STIs | Stigma and shame | Anyone can get an STI, regardless of their sexual history. |
| STIs are a punishment for immoral behavior | Religious/cultural beliefs | STIs are medical conditions, not punishments. |
| Condoms reduce sexual pleasure and are unsafe | Misinformation | Condoms are safe and effective when used properly. |
| Oral sex is completely safe | Lack of awareness | Many STIs can be transmitted through oral sex. |
| You can get STIs from toilet seats | Misunderstanding of transmission | STIs are spread through sexual contact, not toilet seats. |
| Teenage girls cannot get STIs | Age-related myths | Teenagers are at high risk due to lack of protection. |
The Impact of Sexual Myths on Different Groups
-Young People and Adolescents
Young Nigerians are particularly vulnerable to sexual health myths. Without accurate information, they may:
- Start having sex without understanding the risks
- Avoid using protection
- Delay seeking help for symptoms due to shame or fear
- Believe that STIs only affect “bad” people
-Women and Girls
Women often bear the brunt of sexual health myths in Nigeria. Myths about infertility, menstruation, and contraception can lead to:
- Early or forced marriages
- Unwanted pregnancies
- Unsafe abortions
- Gender-based violence
- Stigma and discrimination
-Men and Boys
Men are also affected by myths, such as the belief that using condoms reduces masculinity or that men cannot get certain STIs. These misconceptions can lead to:
- Reluctance to use protection
- Spreading infections unknowingly
- Avoiding medical care due to stigma
-Married Couples
Even within marriage, sexual health myths in Nigeria can cause problems. Some couples believe that STIs cannot occur in monogamous relationships, ignoring the possibility of undiagnosed infections or infidelity.
The Reality of STIs
What Are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections passed from one person to another through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. In Nigeria, STIs are a major public health concern, affecting millions of people each year.
Common STIs in Nigeria
| STI | Symptoms | Long-Term Effects | Prevention |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV/AIDS | Fever, weight loss, fatigue, no symptoms early on | Weak immune system, death if untreated | Condoms, testing, ART |
| Gonorrhea | Painful urination, discharge, sometimes no symptoms | Infertility, pelvic pain | Condoms, testing, antibiotics |
| Chlamydia | Often no symptoms, discharge, pain | Infertility, ectopic pregnancy | Condoms, testing, antibiotics |
| Syphilis | Sores, rashes, fever | Organ damage, death if untreated | Condoms, testing, antibiotics |
| Genital Herpes | Painful blisters, itching | Recurring outbreaks | Condoms, antiviral medication |
| HPV | Warts, often no symptoms | Cervical cancer | Condoms, HPV vaccine |
Why Are STIs So Prevalent in Nigeria?
- Limited access to healthcare and testing
- Stigma and fear of discrimination
- Lack of comprehensive sex education
- Belief in myths and traditional remedies
Symptoms Of STIs
Many STIs show no symptoms, especially in the early stages. This is why regular testing is so important. Some people may carry and spread infections without knowing it.
Common symptoms to watch for:
- Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina
- Pain or burning during urination
- Sores, blisters, or warts on the genitals or mouth
- Itching, redness, or swelling in the genital area
- Lower abdominal pain
- Fever, fatigue, or unexplained weight loss
Remember: Many people with STIs feel completely healthy. Don’t rely on symptoms alone—get tested regularly.
Barriers to Testing and Treatment Of STIs
Stigma and Shame
Many people avoid getting tested or treated for STIs because they fear being judged or discriminated against. This stigma is fueled by myths that STIs are a punishment or only affect “bad” people.
Cost and Access
Healthcare services, especially in rural areas, may be expensive or hard to reach. Lack of privacy and confidentiality at clinics can also discourage people from seeking help.
Misinformation
Belief in traditional healers or herbal remedies may delay or replace proper medical treatment, leading to complications and further spread of infections.
7 Ways to Protect Yourself From STIs
1. Use Condoms Correctly and Consistently
Condoms are the best protection against most STIs and unplanned pregnancies. Use a new condom every time you have vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
2. Get Regular STI Testing
Testing is the only way to know your status. Many clinics and NGOs in Nigeria offer confidential and affordable testing.
3. Limit Number of Sexual Partners
Fewer partners means lower risk. If you have multiple partners, get tested more often.
4. Communicate Openly With Partners
Talk about sexual health, testing, and protection before having sex. Agree on safe practices together.
5. Avoid Harmful Practices
Do not use salt, lime, detergent, or any other substances to wash the genitals after sex. These methods do not prevent pregnancy or STIs and can cause injury.
6. Seek Professional Medical Advice
If you notice any symptoms or have questions, visit a qualified healthcare provider. Do not rely on friends, social media, or unproven remedies.
7. Get Vaccinated
Vaccines are available for some STIs, like HPV and hepatitis B. Ask your doctor if you are eligible.
Myths vs. Facts
| Myth | Fact |
|---|---|
| The Pill prevents STIs | The Pill only prevents pregnancy. Use condoms for STIs. |
| You can only get STIs through intercourse | Some STIs spread through oral sex or skin contact. |
| Teens don’t get STIs | Teenagers are at high risk due to lack of protection. |
| Herbal remedies cure STIs | Only proven medicines cure STIs. |
| Condoms break easily | Quality condoms rarely break if used correctly. |
| You can’t get HIV from oral sex | HIV can be transmitted through oral sex, though risk is lower. |
The Importance of Comprehensive Sex Education
-Why Sex Education Matters
Comprehensive sex education helps people understand their bodies, relationships, and health. It teaches:
- Anatomy and reproductive health
- How STIs and pregnancies occur
- How to prevent STIs and pregnancies
- Consent and healthy relationships
- Where to get help and support
-Barriers to Sex Education in Nigeria
- Cultural and religious opposition
- Lack of trained teachers
- Inadequate curriculum
- Parental resistance
-Solutions and Recommendations
- Involve parents, religious, and community leaders in curriculum development
- Train teachers to deliver accurate, age-appropriate information
- Use media campaigns to reach wider audiences
- Encourage open conversations at home
The Role of Healthcare Providers
Healthcare workers can help break sexual health myths in Nigeria by:
- Providing accurate, non-judgmental information
- Offering confidential testing and treatment
- Encouraging regular check-ups and vaccinations
- Educating patients on safe practices
Resources and Support
-Where to Get Help
- Hospitals and Clinics: Most government and private hospitals offer STI testing and treatment.
- Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Groups like SFH Nigeria, Marie Stopes, and Planned Parenthood Association of Nigeria provide sexual health services and education.
- Online Resources: Trusted websites like WHO, UNAIDS, and Nigerian health portals offer accurate information.
-Helplines and Support Groups
- Many NGOs have helplines for confidential advice.
- Support groups for people living with HIV/AIDS and other STIs can provide emotional and practical support.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you get an STI if your partner has no symptoms?
Yes. Many STIs have no symptoms. Regular testing is the only way to know.
Does washing after sex prevent STIs or pregnancy?
No. Only condoms and proven contraceptives work.
Are contraceptives safe for young women?
Yes. Modern contraceptives are safe and do not cause permanent infertility.
Is oral sex safe from STIs?
No. Many STIs can be transmitted through oral sex.
Can you get an STI from a toilet seat?
No. STIs are transmitted through sexual contact, not toilet seats.
Can herbal remedies cure STIs?
No. Only scientifically proven medicines can cure STIs.
What should I do if I think I have an STI?
See a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Do not self-medicate or rely on traditional remedies.
Case Studies and Real-Life Stories On Sexual Health Myths
Case Study 1: The Danger of Delay
A 21-year-old woman believed that using salt and water after sex would prevent pregnancy and STIs. She avoided using condoms with her boyfriend. Months later, she developed symptoms of an STI but was too embarrassed to seek help. By the time she visited a clinic, the infection had caused serious complications.
Case Study 2: Breaking the Stigma
A young man learned about sexual health myths in Nigeria at a youth center. He started using condoms and encouraged his friends to get tested. When he tested positive for chlamydia, he received treatment and now educates others about the importance of regular testing.
How to Talk to Children and Teens About Sexual Health Myths
- Start early with age-appropriate information
- Use simple language and be honest
- Encourage questions and answer them truthfully
- Discuss values, respect, and consent
- Reassure them that it’s okay to talk about sex and health
The Way Forward
-Breaking the Cycle
To break the cycle of sexual health myths in Nigeria, everyone has a role to play:
- Individuals: Seek accurate information, practice safe sex, and get tested regularly.
- Parents: Talk openly with children and provide guidance.
- Schools: Offer comprehensive sex education.
- Communities: Challenge stigma and support open dialogue.
- Healthcare Providers: Deliver non-judgmental, confidential care.
-The Power of Knowledge
Knowledge is the most powerful weapon against sexual health myths in Nigeria. By understanding the facts, sharing information, and supporting each other, we can reduce the spread of STIs, prevent unplanned pregnancies, and build a healthier, more informed society.
Conclusion: Empower Yourself, Break the Myths
Sexual health myths in Nigeria are widespread and harmful, but they can be overcome with education, open communication, and access to healthcare. Don’t let myths put your health at risk. Learn the facts, protect yourself and your loved ones, and help create a future where everyone can make informed choices about their sexual health.
Stay informed. Stay safe. Break the myths. Your health matters!
